For my Band II Class each group of students was assigned a song from our repertoire for our upcoming concert. My group will be researching information about Tchaikovsky and his 1812 Overture. This will help us students learn more about the music we are playing, the time period it is from, and the composer of the piece. This assignment is explained in further detail in my Band Director’s post.
Composer Biography:
Pyotr Il’yich Tchaikovsky(1840 – 1893)
His music is thoroughly Russian in character, but, although he was influenced by Balakirev and the ideals of the Russian nationalist composers ‘The Five’, he may be seen as belonging rather to the more international school of composition fostered by the Conservatories that Balakirev, leader of ‘The Five’, so much deplored.
Tchaikovsky played piano since the age of 5, he also enjoyed his mother’s playing and singing. He was a sensitive and emotional child, and became deeply traumatized by the death of his mother of cholera, in 1854. At that time he was sent to a boarding school in St. Petersburg. He graduated from the St. Petersburg School of Law in 1859, then worked for 3 years at the Justice Department of Russian Empire. One of his admirers, a Moscow Conservatory student Antonina Ivanovna Milyukova, was persistently writing him love letters. She threatened to take her life if Tchaikovsky didn’t marry her. Their brief marriage in the summer of 1877 lasted only a few weeks and caused him a nervous breakdown. He even made a suicide attempt by throwing himself into a river. In September of 1877 Tchaikovsky separated from Milyukova. She eventually ended up in an insane asylum, where she spent over 20 years and died. Tchaikovsky was ordered by the doctors to leave Russia until his emotional health was restored. He went to live in Europe for a few years. Tchaikovsky settled together with his brother, Modest, in a quiet village of Clarens on Lake Geneva in Switzerland and lived there in 1877-1878. There he wrote his very popular Violin Concerto in D. He also completed his Symphony No.4, which was inspired by Russian folk songs, and dedicated it to Nadezhda von Meck. From 1877 to 1890 Tchaikovsky was financially supported by a wealthy widow Nadezhda von Meck, who also supported Claude Debussy. She loved Tchaikovsky’s music and became his devoted pen-friend. They exchanged over a thousand letters in 14 years; but they never met, at her insistence. In 1890 she abruptly terminated all communication and support, claiming bankruptcy. In 1883-1893 Tchaikovsky wrote his best Symphonies No.5 and No.6, ballets ‘The Sleeping Beauty’ and ‘The Nutcracker’, operas ‘The Queen of Spades’ and ‘Iolanta’. In 1888-1889, he made a successful conducting tour of Europe, appearing in Prague, Leipzig, Hamburg, Paris, and London. In 1891, he went on a two month tour of America, where he gave concerts in New York, Baltimore, and Philadelphia. In May of 1891 Tchaikovsky was the conductor on the official opening night of Carnegie Hall in New York.
Links:
Biography source #1
Biography source #2
Period:
Late Romantic Period (1850 – 1900)
The Late Romantic period saw the blossoming of self-expression in music. This was especially evident in the music of Tchaikovsky, which reflected the inner turmoil and anguish of his life. Many composers felt that by the time Wagner died, Romanticism had reached its limits of expression. Toward the end of the Late Romantic period, many new and diverse musical styles began to emerge – notably, the nationalism of composers such as Sibelius and Elgar, the impressionism of Debussy and Ravel, and the atonal modernism of Schönberg.
It was due to composers making music about what they felt, instead of trying to make things academically perfect but unemotional. While the music in both the early and late parts is “Romantic”, you can hear a definite transition from stuff which sounds “old” (like Beethoven), to pieces which could pretty much be a modern day film-score (like Tchaikovsky). In fact, people love Romantic music so much that most modern day “classical” music is still composed in this style. As the era progressed toward 1900, every aspect of the music became freer. Composers started experimenting with non-standard time signatures (like 5/4 in the 2nd movement of the Pathetique), non-standard instruments (like the celesta), and so on. They also started to use larger and larger orchestras, so that the music is more layered and textured, and generally has more subtleties.
Links:
Period source #1
Period source #2
The information about the song itself will either be on Barbara’s blog or will be posted on mine later tonight, or even tomorrow. Oh, and ignore all the links inside the paragraphs. That must have happened when I copied and pasted from the website, sorry.
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